Izinhlobo zemishini yokubumba nge-Blow Molding

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezibunjiwe ngomjovo we-nylon?

Inayiloni nayo iyipulasitiki ekristalu futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-130 ezahlukene zenayiloni. Inayiloni 6, inayiloni 66, inayiloni 610, inayiloni 11, inayiloni 1010 kanye nenayiloni ye-copolymer, inayiloni eqinile kakhulu, inayiloni eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi, inayiloni eqiniswe ngamaminerali, njll. zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokubumba ngomjovo. Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezibunjiwe ngomjovo wenayiloni?
Ake sibheke isingeniso se-umshini umshini wokubumba brand.

I. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukomisa kuyasebenza
Inayiloni imunca umswakama kalula futhi izomunca umswakama womoya uma ivezwa emoyeni isikhathi eside. Uma umswakama owedlulele umuncwa ngaphambi kokubumba ngomjovo, ukubukeka kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zengxenye zizolimala.
Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwephuzu lokuncibilika (cishe ama-254°C), ama-molecule amanzi asabela ngamakhemikhali ne-nylon. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-hydrolysis noma ukuqhekeka, kubangela ukubola kanye nokuguquka kombala we-nylon, ukwehla okulinganiselwe kwesisindo sama-molecule e-resin kanye nokuqina kwayo, kanye nokwanda kokugeleza kwamanzi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubangela ubunzima bokucubungula, kodwa futhi kungalimaza ukusebenza kwengxenye. Ama-nozzle ayaphuma amathe ngesikhathi sokubumba umjovo futhi izingxenye zinemiphetho enzima yokundiza.
Umswakama omuncwa yipulasitiki kanye negesi evela ekuqhekekeni, kanye nezingxenye eziboshwe, ukukhanya ekwakhekeni kobuso akupholishiwe, imigqa yesiliva, amabala, ama-micropores, amabhamuza, ukwanda kokuncibilika okukhulu akukwazi ukwakheka noma ukubumba ngemva kokuba amandla omshini encishisiwe kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ngemva kwalokhu kuqhekeka kwe-nayiloni nge-hydrolytic, ukusebenza kwayo akunciphisi nhlobo, noma ngabe izomiswa kabusha, akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa futhi.
Ngamafuphi, ukomiswa kwezinto ze-nylon ngaphambi kokubumba ngomjovo kumele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína, ukuthi kufanele zomiswe ngezinga elingakanani kunqunywa yizidingo zomkhiqizo oqediwe, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-0.25%, okungcono kungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.1%, inqobo nje uma izinto zokusetshenziswa zomisiwe kahle, ukubumba ngomjovo kulula, futhi izingxenye ngeke zilethe izinkinga eziningi ngekhwalithi.
I-nylon ingcono kakhulu ukomiswa ngaphansi kwe-vacuum, ngoba izimo zokushisa zokomiswa komoya ziphezulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezomiswa zisenethuba lokubola kanye nokuguquka kombala ngenxa yokuthintana nomoya-mpilo emoyeni, ukubola ngokweqile nakho kuzokhiqiza umphumela ophambene, okwenza izingxenye zibe buthaka.
Uma kungekho imishini yokomisa nge-vacuum, ukomisa ngengcindezi yomoya kuphela okungasetshenziswa, yize umphumela ungemuhle. Kunezimo eziningi ezahlukene zokomisa ngengcindezi yomoya, nazi ezimbalwa nje.

Eyokuqala ingu-60℃ ~ 70℃, ubukhulu besendlalelo sezinto zokwakha bungu-20mm, ukubhaka kungamahora angu-24~30.
Okwesibili akudluli amahora ayi-10 uma ubhaka ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-90.
Okwesithathu ukubhaka ku-93°C noma ngaphansi kwawo amahora ama-2~3, njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya lidlula ku-93°C isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-3, kungenzeka ukuthi umbala uzoshintsha ku-nylon, ngakho izinga lokushisa kumele lehliswe liye ku-79°C.

Okwesine ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngaphezu kuka-100 ℃, noma ngisho no-150 ℃, lokho kungenxa yokuthi ukunaka kwe-nylon evezwe emoyeni isikhathi eside kakhulu noma imishini yokomisa ayisebenzi kahle.
Okwesihlanu ukomisa i-hopper yomoya oshisayo yemishini yokubumba nge-injection, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya oshisayo odlula ungene kwi-hopper liphakanyiswa lifike okungenani ku-100°C noma ngaphezulu ukuze umswakama ongaphakathi kwepulasitiki uphele. Umoya oshisayo ube usuthathwa udlule phezulu kwe-hopper.
Ukuthi yiziphi izimo zokomisa ezisetshenziswayo kuncike emphumeleni wokomisa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu liholela emijikelezweni emide yokomisa kanye nokusebenza kahle okungekuhle; izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lingabangela ukujiya noma ukuxhumanisa kwepulasitiki, okuholela ekuqineni okukhulu kokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
I-vacuum dehumidifier iyisakhiwo esingangeni moya esikhipha umhwamuko wamanzi epulasitikini ngenkathi siwufudumeza ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lokomisa ikakhulukazi, futhi isikhathi sokomisa singancishiswa kakhulu.
Uma ipulasitiki eyomisiwe ishiywe emoyeni, izomunca ngokushesha umswakama emoyeni futhi umphumela wokomisa uzolahleka. Ngisho nase-hopper emboziwe, isikhathi sokugcina akufanele sibe side kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kwehora eli-1 ngezinsuku zemvula futhi silinganiselwe kumahora ama-3 ngezinsuku ezinelanga.

Ⅱ, lawula izinga lokushisa lomgqomo
Nakuba izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-nylon liphezulu, lapho kufinyelelwa iphuzu lokuncibilika, i-viscosity yayo iphansi kakhulu kuneye-thermoplastics ejwayelekile njenge-polystyrene, ngakho-ke uketshezi akuyona inkinga lapho kwakheka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezakhiwo ze-rheological ze-nylon ukuze izinga lokugunda likhuphuke lapho ukwehla okubonakalayo kwe-viscosity kungavelele, kuhlanganiswe nobubanzi bokushisa bokuncibilika buncane, phakathi kuka-3 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezinto ezibonakalayo liyisiqinisekiso sokugcwalisa isikhunta ngokushelela.
Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza kokushisa kwe-nylon esimweni esincibilikisiwe kubi, ukucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesikhathi eside sokushisa kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwama-polymer, okwenza izingxenye zibonakale njengamabhamuza, ukwehla kwamandla.

Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye yomgqomo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze izinto zifudumale ngokufanele nangokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okuncibilika ukuze kugwenywe ukuncibilika okubi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwendawo. Ngokuphathelene nenqubo yonke yokwakheka, izinga lokushisa lomgqomo akufanele lidlule ku-300°C futhi isikhathi sokushisa sama-pellets emgqomeni akufanele sidlule imizuzu engama-30.

Ⅲ, thuthukisa izingxenye zemishini
Okokuqala, esimweni somgqomo, yize kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto eziya phambili uma ufaka umgqomo, kodwa izinto ezincibilikisiwe ekugelezeni kokubuyela emuva komgoqo wesikulufu kanye nokuvuza phakathi kobuso bokuphela okunentambo kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo othambekele nakho kuyanda ngenxa yoketshezi olukhulu, umphumela awugcini nje ngokunciphisa ingcindezi yomjovo esebenzayo kanye nenani lezinto ezinikezwayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi futhi ukuvimbela inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yokwengeza izinto, ukuze ukushelela kwesikulufu kungakwazi ukusekelwa, ngakho-ke ingxenye engaphambili yomgqomo kumele ifakwe indandatho yokuhlola ukuvimbela ukugeleza emuva. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufaka indandatho yokuhlola, izinga lokushisa lezinto kufanele lenyuswe ngo-10℃ ~ 20℃ ngokufanele, ukuze ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kukwazi ukukhokhelwa.

Okulandelayo isimo se-nozzle, ngemva kokuba isenzo sokujova sesiqediwe futhi isikulufu sesibuyisiwe, izinto ezincibilikisiwe esithandweni sangaphambili zingase ziphume e-nozzle zodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi esele, ebizwa ngokuthi “isimo samathe”.
Uma izinto ezifakwe amathe zingena emgodini, kuzokwenza ingxenye enezinto ezibandayo ibe yindawo noma kube nzima ukuyigcwalisa, uma umlomo ubhekene nesikhunta ngaphambi kokususwa, futhi kwandise kakhulu inkinga yokusebenza, umnotho nawo awusebenzi kahle.
Indandatho yokushisa elungiseka ngokwehlukile ku-nozzle iyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinga lokushisa le-nozzle, kodwa ikhambi eliyisisekelo ukufaka i-nozzle esikhundleni se-nozzle nge-nozzle enesipilingi enesakhiwo sokumisa ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Yiqiniso, izinto zasentwasahlobo ezisetshenziswa kuma-nozzles anjalo kumele zimelane nokushisa okuphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho zizovinjelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ngenxa yokucindezela nokulahlekelwa ukunwebeka.
Okwesine, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhunta sikhipha umoya futhi silawule izinga lokushisa lesikhunta
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kwe-nylon, iphuzu layo lokuqandisa nalo liphezulu, lingene esikhumbeni esibandayo sezinto ezincibilikisiwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngoba izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwezinga lokuncibilika kanye nokuqina, okuvimbela ukuqedwa kwesenzo sokugcwalisa, ngakho-ke umjovo wesivinini esikhulu kumele usetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezinezindonga ezincane noma ibanga elide lokugeleza kwezingxenye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhunta ngesivinini esikhulu kuletha inkinga yokukhipha umgodi, izikhunta ze-nylon zibe nezindlela zokukhipha ugesi ezanele.
Inayiloni idinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu kune-thermoplastics ngokuvamile. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesikhunta liwusizo ekugelezeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Inkinga iwukuthi izinga lokupholisa kokuncibilika ngemva kokugcwalisa umgodi linomthelela ophawulekayo esakhiweni nasezimpahleni zengxenye ye-nylon. Ukukristala kuqala lapho ingena umgodi esimweni esingaguquki emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinga lokukristala linqunyelwe izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kanye nezinga lokudluliselwa kokushisa.
Uma kudingeka ukuze kutholakale ukunwebeka okuphezulu, ukucaca kanye nokuqina kwezingxenye ezincane, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phansi, ukuze izinga lokwakheka kwekristalu linciphe; uma kudingeka ukuze kutholakale ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulwa kodonga olujiyile kuncane, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phezulu, ukuze izinga lokwakheka kwekristalu likhuphuke.
Inayiloni idinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesikhunta ngoba inezinga elikhulu lokuncipha, uma ishintsha kusuka esimweni esincibilikisiwe iye esimweni esiqinile, umthamo wokuncipha mkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni enodonga olujiyile, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphansi kakhulu lizobangela izikhala zangaphakathi. Kuphela uma izinga lokushisa lesikhunta lilawulwa kahle lapho ubukhulu bengxenye buzinza khona.
Izinga lokulawula izinga lokushisa lesikhunta se-nylon liphakathi kuka-20°C no-90°C. Kungcono ukuba namadivayisi okupholisa (isib. amanzi ompompi) kanye nawokushisa (isib. ama-heater kagesi axhunywe ku-plug-in).