Inqubo yokukhiqiza ishidi le-PET

(1) Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamashidi e-PET

Njengamanye amapulasitiki, ukusebenza kahle kwe Amashidi e-PET kuhlobene kakhulu nesisindo sama-molecule. I-intrinsic viscosity inquma isisindo sama-molecule. Uma i-intrinsic viscosity inkulu, izimfanelo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ziba ngcono, kodwa ukugeleza okuncane kwenza ukubumba kube nzima. Uma i-intrinsic viscosity iphansi, izimfanelo zayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ziphansi futhi amandla ayo omthelela aphansi. Ngakho-ke, i-intrinsic viscosity yamaphepha acacile e-PET kufanele ikhethwe kusuka ku-0.8dl/g-0.9dl/g.

(2) Inqubo yokukhiqiza.

Imishini eyinhloko yokukhiqiza yeshidi elibonakalayo le-PET yile: umbhoshongo we-crystallization, umbhoshongo wokomisa, i-extruder, ikhanda lomshini, ikhalenda enama-roller amathathu, kanye ne-coiler.

Ukugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yilokhu: ukwakheka kwekristalu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukomisa, ukukhishwa kwepulasitiki, ukwakheka kwe-extrusion, ukwakheka kwekhalenda kanye nokwakheka kwemikhiqizo egoqayo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakheka kwekristalu. Izingcezu ze-PET ziyashiswa futhi zibekwe ikristalu embhoshongweni wokwakheka kwekristalu ukuze kuhlelwe ama-molecule ngokulandelana, bese kuphakama izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lezingcezu. Inhloso ukuvimbela ukunamathela ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa kanye nokuvaleka kwe-hopper. Ukwakheka kwekristalu ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ukwakheka kwekristalu kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90 kanti izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-149°C.

Isinyathelo sesibili ukomisa. Ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, amanzi angabangela ukuwohloka kwe-hydrolytic kwe-PET, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukunamathela kwayo okuphawulekayo, futhi izakhiwo zayo zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amandla okuthinta, zizoncipha ngokuncipha kwesisindo sama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, i-PET kumele yomiswe ngaphambi kokuncibilika nokuphuma ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe komswakama. Umswakama wayo kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-0.005%. Kusetshenziswa umshini wokomisa osusa umswakama ukuze womise. Njengoba izinto ze-PET zi-hygroscopic, umswakama uzokwakha izibopho zama-molecule lapho ungena ujule ebusweni bezingcezu. Enye ingxenye yomswakama izoba khona ngaphakathi kwezingcezu, okwenza ukomisa kube nzima. Ngakho-ke, umoya oshisayo ojwayelekile awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Iphuzu lamazolo omoya oshisayo liyadingeka libe ngaphansi kuka--40C, futhi umoya oshisayo uqondiswa ku-drying hopper nge-loop evaliwe ukuze wome njalo.

Isinyathelo sesithathu ukubumba i-extrusion. Ngemva kokwenza i-crystallization nokomisa, i-PET iguqulwa ibe yi-polymer enephuzu lokuncibilika elisobala. Izinga lokushisa lokubumba le-polymer liphezulu futhi ububanzi bokulawula izinga lokushisa buncane. Isikulufu sokuvimbela esenzelwe ngqo i-polyester sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-pellets angancibilikisiwe nokuncibilika, okuzuzisa ekugcineni inqubo ende yokugunda nokwandisa umkhiqizo we-extruder. Sebenzisa ikhanda lomshini we-die lip eliguquguqukayo elinenduku yokuvimba ukugeleza eqondile. Ikhanda lomshini linomumo wekhoni ocijile. Isiteshi sokugeleza esiqondile kanye ne-mold lip engenamiklwebhe kufanele kube nokuqedwa okuhle kobuso. I-heater yekhanda lomshini inomsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi nokuhlanza. Isikhala se-die lip kufanele siqinisekise ukufana okuhle. Isikhala se-die lip esifanayo sekhanda lomshini sithinta ngqo ukuphambuka kobukhulu obuseceleni kweshidi kanye nokuthamba kwekhalenda. Uma ukhipha amashidi, amazinga okushisa ahambisanayo endawo engaphambili ye-fuselage, indawo ephakathi ye-fuselage, indawo engemuva ye-fuselage, i-screen changer, kanye nekhanda lomshini yi-240°C-260C, 265°C-275°C, kanye ne-260C-265°C ngokulandelana. , 260C-265C, 255°C-265C.

Isinyathelo sesine ukupholisa nokusetha. Ngemva kokuba ukuncibilika kuphume ekhanda lomshini, kungena ngqo ekhalendeni elinezimbobo ezintathu ukuze kufakwe ikhalenda futhi kupholiswe. Ibanga eliphakathi kwekhalenda elinezimbobo ezintathu nekhanda lomshini ngokuvamile ligcinwa cishe ku-8cm, ngoba uma ibanga likhulu kakhulu, ishidi lizogoba kalula futhi lishwabane. , okuholela ekuqedweni kabi kweshidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yebanga elidlulele, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa nokupholisa kuhamba kancane kakhulu futhi amakristalu azophenduka abe mhlophe, okungavumeli ukugcwaliswa kwekhalenda. Umshini wekhalenda onezimbobo ezintathu uqukethe ama-roller aphezulu, aphakathi naphansi. I-axis ye-roller ephakathi izinzile. Ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokufakwa kwekhalenda, izinga lokushisa lobuso be-roller lingu-40°C-50°C. I-axis yama-roller aphezulu naphansi ingahamba phezulu naphansi. Ukunyakaza okuphezulu naphansi kwe-axis kulungisa igebe le-roll. Amazinga okushisa ama-roller aphezulu naphansi angu-30°C-60C kanye no-52°C-68C ngokulandelana. Ama-roller amathathu kufanele aqinisekise ukuvumelanisa isivinini futhi isivinini kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwesivinini sokuphuma. Inhloso ukuvala. Ukwanda kwezinto lapho ziphuma edayini kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweshidi, okubangela ukuba imibimbi inyamalale. I-PET izocwebezela ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-100C-250°C, futhi izinga lokucwebezela lishesha ku-140°C-180°C, ngakho-ke ukucwebezela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela ukuqedela. I-PET idinga ukudlula kule ndawo yokushisa yokucwebezela ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokushisa lama-roller amathathu kumele lilawulwe ngokuqinile.

Isinyathelo sesihlanu ukwenza ukugoba nokugoba. Ishidi liphuma nge-calender roller bese lingena kudivayisi yokugoba nge-guide roller. Idivayisi yokugoba iqukethe i-rubber roller esebenzayo kanye ne-raber roller engasebenzi. Umfutho womoya ucindezela ama-roller amabili ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ishidi ukuthi lingaguquki ngenxa yezinto eziku-calender roller ngesikhathi senqubo yokudonswa kweshidi ngama-roller amabili kudivayisi yokugoba.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zekhwalithi ekukhiqizweni kwephepha le-PET elisobala kanye nezixazululo zazo

(1) Ishidi likhiqiza ukungcola kwamaphuzu ekristalu. Izimbangela zifaka phakathi izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinto ezisele. Izingcezu ze-PET ngokwazo azikhiqizi ukungcola kwamaphuzu ekristalu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula, ngenxa yezinkinga zokomisa kanye nezinto ezisele ezengeziwe, ukungcola noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphansi ezilethwa ngenxa yendawo embi kubangela inkinga. Akunakususwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza ishidi.

(2) Imigqa evundlile kanye nemigqa yamanzi (imigqa yesikhumba se-orange). Amamaki amanzi abangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ukugeleza kwezinto ezivela ekhanda le-extruder die kungena ku-calender roller ngoba akukho nto esele phakathi kwama-calender roller, okwenza ishidi lingaqini. Ukuphela kobuso beshidi kubuthakathaka njengesikhumba se-orange. Isixazululo ukuthi kumele kube nezinto ezibonakalayo ezisele phakathi kwama-calender roller, futhi izinto ezisele kumele zijikeleze ngokulinganayo. Imigqa evundlile iyiphutha lenqubo yendlela yokukhipha, njengama-ripple amanzi endlela yokuguqula i-calendar. Ama-indentations abangelwa umehluko wesivinini phakathi kwama-calender roller amabili. Isixazululo siwukudinga ama-roller amathathu e-calender enama-roller amathathu. Ukunemba kokulawula isivinini se-roller kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ukunemba kokuvumelanisa kumele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe imigqa evundlile.

(3) Ishidi linombala ophuzi, amabala amnyama noma ukungcola, lilula, i-calendar engalingani, njll. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela kwama-bubbles eshidini ukuthi ama-pellets awomile ngokuphelele futhi okuqukethwe komswakama kudlula u-0.005%. Uma umswakama ungomi ngokuphelele, uzongena ujule ezingcezwini ukuze wakhe izibopho zama-molecule noma uhlale ujule ngaphakathi kwezingcezwi. Uma izinga lokushisa lokomisa liphansi kakhulu noma isikhathi sifushane kakhulu, umphumela wokomisa uzothinteka. Uma kuvela ama-blisters eshidini, izinga lokushisa lokomisa kanye nesikhathi kufanele kulungiswe ngokushesha. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuphuzi kweshidi ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokomisa liphezulu kakhulu noma isikhathi sokomisa side kakhulu. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko ngalesi sikhathi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokomisa nokunciphisa isikhathi sokomisa. Esinye isizathu esenza ishidi libe liphuzi ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokomisa liphezulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lokomisa kufanele lehliswe ngokushesha. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvela kwamabala amnyama nokungcola eshidini izihlungi eziqhekekile noma izinto zokubola ze-PET ezisele ku-extruder.

Amaphuzu okukhiqiza ishidi le-PET elibonakalayo

(1) Izimo eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwamaphepha acacile e-PET ukulawula isikhathi sokomisa kanye nendawo yamazolo omoya oshisayo. Umphumela wokomisa unquma ngqo izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephepha. Lapho komisa, kufanele kunakwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokomisa kanye nesikhathi. Izinga lokushisa nokomisa kanye nesikhathi akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu noma kube phansi kakhulu. Uma iphuzu lamazolo lingakwazi ukwehla, isihlungi sama-molecule kumele sihlolwe. Isihlungi sama-molecule esidala asikwazi ukumunca umswakama emoyeni futhi asikwazi ukufeza injongo yokomisa izingcezu. Ngalesi sikhathi, isihlungi sama-molecule kumele sishintshwe.

(2) Uma izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika lidlula u-280C, ishidi le-PET lizoshintsha umbala noma libole, ngakho izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-280C.

(3) Igebe eliphakathi kwezindebe zedayi zekhanda lomshini linquma ukufana kweshidi. Izinga lokushisa lama-roller amathathu lidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhanyeni nasekuqedeni kweshidi. Ukuncibilika kwe-PET kudinga ukugwema ngokushesha indawo yokushisa ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sedayi. Kusukela ekushiseni kokuncibilika kuya ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa ledayi, ibanga eliphakathi kwedayi nedayi yekhalenda liba libaluleke kakhulu.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamashidi e-PET acacile ukubukeka okucacile, izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela igesi, izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela, ukuqina kanye nokwandiswa. Amashidi e-PET acacile awaqukethe izinto eziqinisayo kanye ne-plasticizer, awaqukethe izinto eziyingozi, futhi amanani awo amahle, ngakho-ke ayathandwa ngabathengi. Amashidi e-PET acacile angaphinde asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, amashidi e-PET acacile anenani eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-PET, izidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile, inqubo yokomisa kanye nephuzu lamazolo lomoya oshisayo kufanele kuhlolwe, igebe le-calendar roller kanye nesilinganiso sejubane lokudonsa seyunithi elandelayo kufanele kulawulwe kahle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza.