Yiziphi izici zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki?

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kubanzi kakhulu, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi, akuhlukaniseki nobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Cishe zonke izakhiwo zepulasitiki zingathuthukiswa ngezindlela zokuguqulwa, njengokubukeka kwepulasitiki, ukucaca, ubuningi, ukunemba, ikhono lenqubo, izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zikagesi kagesi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ubulukhuni, izakhiwo zokushisa, i-langabi elivimbelayo, isithiyo nezinye izici.

Umkhiqizo ophumelele kakhulu oguqulwe ngamakhemikhali waziwa ngokuthiI-ABS, i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer. Endleleni yokuguqula izinto ngokomzimba, kuye kwakhiwa isigaba esisha sezinto ezibonakalayo, okungukuthi, izinhlanganisela eziqinisiwe. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okulula nokuqinile kwezindlela zokuguqula izinto ngokomzimba njengokugcwalisa nokuxuba, izindlela ezinjalo zokuguqula zisetshenziswa kabanzi eShayina.

1. Ifilimu yepulasitiki yezolimo

Kuyaziwa ngokukhiqiza kwezolimo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ekutshalweni kwezitshalo kanye nokunisela kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo. Amapulasitiki ezolimo eShayina athuthukiswe ngokutshalwa kwezitshalo ezimbozwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki. Njengamanje, ifilimu yokuhlanganisa izitshalo yaseShayina ayibekwanga nje endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni ngokwezinga lokukhipha kanye nendawo yokumboza, kodwa futhi ithuthuke kakhulu ngekhwalithi. Ifilimu esetshenzisiwe ithuthukiswe kusukela kufilimu evamile esobala kuya kufilimu ehlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi eminingi, njengokusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okulungisiwe kokugcwalisa kwefilimu esebenzayo yokushisa. Umphumela wokushisa ubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoba sazi, indima yefilimu yepulasitiki yezolimo ukuhlinzeka ngendawo enhle yokushisa yezitshalo, futhi ebusuku ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kwangaphandle kokukhula kwezitshalo okungekuhle kakhulu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokushisa le-membrane ebusuku kuzovimbela ukushisa okuvela enhlabathini ebusuku kude ne-infrared mu (11 ~ 13 m) ngendlela edlula ifilimu.

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-infrared spectrum, i-SiO2 nezinye izinto ezingaphili zinokumuncwa okuhle kwe-infrared ekude kuleli bhande. Ngakho-ke, abantu bavame ukukhetha i-kaolin, i-mica nezinye izinto zokugcwalisa ezishibhile, ezilula ukuzicubungula ukuze bangeze kufilimu, ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu yezolimo yokushisa ukushisa, ukuze izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse yepulasitiki ebusuku lingakhuphuka ngo-1 ~ 2℃.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwefilimu yepulasitiki ebolayo kungenye isibonelo sobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ukugcwalisa. Ukwanda nokusetshenziswa kwefilimu yepulasitiki, yize kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kubangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokungcola okumhlophe okungenzeka okubangelwa yinsalela yesikhathi eside yefilimu yepulasitiki enhlabathini.

2. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yokupakisha

I-polyethylene eqondile ephansi (i-LLDPE), eyavela ngawo-1970, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini njengokumelana nokudonseka nokudabuka ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sama-molecule. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity yayo yokuncibilika iphakeme impela, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu ekucutshungulweni. Ngokuhlanganisa i-LLDPE ne-LDPE nengxenye yobuningi engu-10% ~ 50% ngaphansi kwesimo sokungashintshi imishini, ifilimu yokupakisha enezakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini kune-LDPE ingakhiqizwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa i-torque yemishini.

Isibonelo, ifilimu ye-HDPE equkethe i-CaCO3 efika ku-30% isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukwenza izikhwama zikadoti.

3. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke

Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yansuku zonke esetshenziswa kakhulu yizicathulo, izikhwama, ifenisha njalonjalo. Okufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isikhumba sokwenziwa esixubile sisebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuze siphume, sinobumnene obuhle kakhulu futhi sivumela umoya ukuthi ungene, ukusebenza kwaso, ukwakheka nombala kungaqhathaniswa nolwesikhumba, hhayi nje kuphela kwanelisa izidingo zezimpahla zezicathulo, isikhwama sesikhwama, futhi kwathuthukisa intuthuko yemakethe eshiwo ngenhla.

Ekukhiqizweni kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, i-CaCO3 ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi, futhi inani lokwengeza lingafinyelela ku-50%. Ngaphezu kwe-CaCO3, i-kaolin, umlotha wamalahle ocoliwe, ubuhlalu beglasi bungasetshenziswa futhi njengezigcwalisi. Ukwengezwa kwesigcwalisi akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ubulukhuni besikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, kulungise ukukhanya kobuso.

4. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yokwakha

Ukwakhiwa ngepayipi elingaphezulu nelingezansi lepulasitiki, ipayipi legesi kanye nefasitela lomnyango wepulasitiki kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa zepulasitiki zokwakha esezamukelwe abantu manje, imakethe yayo engaba khona inkulu kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yokwakha ikakhulukazi yi-PVC, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana nokuguga kwemikhiqizo yomnyango nefasitela yepulasitiki, ngokuvamile kufakwe kufomula engu-6% modifier (i-methacrylate vinegar – butadiene – styrene) Copolymer (MBS), i-chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) kanye ne-4% TiO2.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-TiO2 ingasetshenziswa njenge-pigment; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokumelana ne-UV futhi yandise impilo yesevisi. Izakhiwo ezingcono zemishini zingatholakala ngokungeza cishe i-5% CaCO3 ekukhiqizweni kwamapayipi e-PVC.

5. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki esekela izimboni

Emishinini yasendlini, emikhiqizweni kagesi, ezimotweni, ezinsikeni nasezokuxhumana, emishinini, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhiqizo esekela izimboni, ipulasitiki isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphansi, ukumelana nokungqubuzana, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuvimbela ukushisa kanye nokuvimbela ukushisa kulezi zinsimu.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula abukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwepulasitiki ejwayelekile ngokwezidingo zepulasitiki yezimboni, kodwa futhi bunqoba ubuthakathaka obuthile bepulasitiki yobunjiniyela obuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokusetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, ipulasitiki yezimboni ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Ipulasitiki eguquliwe ye-PE ne-PP isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizesekeli zezimboni. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PE eguquliwe ezintanjeni zokuxhumana kanye nezintambo ze-optical kuyisibonelo esisebenzayo eminyakeni yamuva nje.

Siyazi ukuthi ikhebula lokuxhumana kanye nezinto zekhebula le-optical zinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezinto ngokwazo noma ukusebenza kokucubungula, ngakho lolu hlobo lwezinto ezithengiswa kwamanye amazwe luthengiswa ngesimo sezinto ezikhethekile, futhi azikho izinto ezikhethekile eShayina, zisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuguqula ukuxuba ukukhiqiza izinto zokuvimbela ikhebula lokuxhumana, izinto zegobolondo kanye nezinto zegobolondo lekhebula.

Zilungiswa ngokuxuba nokuncibilikisa i-extrusion ngemva kokukhetha i-resin eyisisekelo kanye ne-resin eguquliwe nokukhetha izithasiselo ezidingekayo kanye nokucubungula i-AIDS. Izinto zokuvikela ikhebula lokuxhumana le-HDPE ezitholiwe, izinto zokuvikela ikhebula lokuxhumana le-LLDPE, izinto zokuvikela ikhebula lokuxhumana le-MDPE, izinto zokuvikela ikhebula lokuxhumana le-LDPE, izinto zokuvikela ikhebula lokuxhumana le-LDPE zingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezinto ezidingekayo zekhebula, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ukumelana nokushiswa, ukumelana nokushisa nezinye izidingo zokusebenza. Izinto zokuvikela ikhebula le-HDPE zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto zekhebula le-optical kanye nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo.

Ekukhiqizweni kokukhishwa kwekhebula, ingazivumelanisa nokukhishwa kwesivinini esiphansi nesiphakathi okungu-1200m/min kanye nokukhishwa kwesivinini esiphezulu okungu-2400m/min. I-PP ingenye yepulasitiki ebalulekile yomhlaba wonke, enobukhulu obuphansi, engenabo ubuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala nezinye izinzuzo, umthamo ulandela i-PVC, i-PE kuphela.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphuka kwayo okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuncipha kanye nezinye izinkinga zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengemikhiqizo yezimboni, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa buvame ukusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zayo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-PP kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kwe-copolymerization kanye nokuguqulwa kokuxuba. I-PP eguquliwe ingasetshenziswa njenge-bumper yezimoto ezilula nezimoto, indawo yokuhlala yemishini yasekhaya, abalandeli bezimoto njalo njalo.

Ibhampa liyadingeka ukuze libe nokuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi, i-PP ingaqiniswa yi-ethylene-propylene diene (EPDM) kanye ne-polyolefin elastomer (POE). Kuhlelo lokuqinisa lwe-pp-POe-talc, amandla okushaya angafinyelela ku-300J/m uma okuqukethwe kwe-POE kungu-10%. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-POE kungu-15% ~ 25%, amandla okushaya angafinyelela ku-550J/m, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zebhampa.

Ukwengezwa kwe-talc kunciphisa izakhiwo zomthelela zesistimu, kodwa amandla ayo okudonsa, i-tensile elastic modulus kanye nokushisa kokuguquguquka kokushisa kuyanda kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula abufanele kuphela amapulasitiki ajwayelekile, kodwa futhi namapulasitiki obunjiniyela anezakhiwo ezikhethekile, futhi kuyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto.

Njengoba sazi, i-polytetrafluoron (PTFE) inokumelana okuqinile kokugqwala kwe-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nokungqubuzana kanye nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ukukhukhuleka kwayo, ukungazinzi kosayizi, ukuguguleka, okuhambisana ne-viscosity yokuncibilika kukhulu, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha okuvamile, ukucubungula ngomjovo.
Ngokufaka i-polymer yekristalu eliwuketshezi (i-LCP), ukuguqulwa kwe-graphite, njengokwengeza i-10% (ingxenye yobuningi) ye-LCP PTFE-LCP alloy, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PTFE emsulwa, ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kuthuthuke cishe izikhathi eziyi-100, futhi izinto zingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezingagugi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza i-LCP ku-polyethylene enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu kakhulu (UHMMPE) kanye ne-HDPE kunganciphisa kakhulu i-melt viscosity, ngakho-ke inqubo ye-EXTRUSION ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ipayipi le-UHMMPE.