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Izithasiselo zepulasitiki, eyaziwa nangokuthi izithasiselo zepulasitiki, yizinhlanganisela okumele zengezwe kuma-polymer (ama-synthetic resins) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zazo zokucubungula noma kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-resin uqobo.
Ukwengezwa kwezithasiselo kungakhuthaza ukucutshungulwa kwepulasitiki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucutshungulwa, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto eziyisisekelo futhi kwandise izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto eziyisisekelo.
Namuhla sizofunda ngokuhlukaniswa kwezithasiselo zepulasitiki bese sibheka izithasiselo zepulasitiki ezahlukene.
1. I-Antioxidant
Izibopho ezimbili ezingagcwalisiwe kumapulasitiki zihlaselwa ama-athomu e-oxygen, ukushisa nokukhanya futhi zibangele ukuphuka ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-free radicals, okubangela ukusabela kweketanga okuphula amaketanga ama-molecule noma kwakha izixhumanisi zeketanga, okuholela ekuncipheni kwamandla noma ubuthakathaka bomkhiqizo wepulasitiki oqediwe. Umsebenzi wama-antioxidants ukulibazisa ukubola kwamapulasitiki ngenxa ye-oxidation nokwandisa impilo yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Ama-antioxidants asetshenziswa embonini yepulasitiki angahlukaniswa ngokwemisebenzi yawo kanje:
(1) Izithibi zokusabela kwe-Oxidation chain
Njenge-Alkyl phenol、Butylated hydroxytoluene、Aromaticamines、Phenyl-B-Naphtylamine、Alkyl quinone、Alkylene bisphenol、Alkyl phenolthioether、Phenyl salicylate njll.
(2) Isihlanzisi se-Peroxide
Njenge-Liu alcohol acute sulfide system, i-Thio propionate ester, ama-phosphite e-Organic njll.
(3) Izinto ezingasebenzisi izinsimbi ezisindayo
Njenge-amides, i-hydrazides, ama-compounds e-aromatic amine, njll.
2, i-ejenti yokulwa nokuqina
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-antistatic agents ukunikeza ugesi kumapulasitiki ukuze angaqongeleli ugesi oqhubekayo ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Ama-antistatic agents asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathi i-quaternary ammonium, usawoti, ama-amine, ama-fatty acid esters kanye ne-sulphonated wax.
3. I-Blowingagent
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-foam agents epulasitiki.
(1) i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, nomoya, kucindezelwe ngqo ekuncibilikeni kwepulasitiki ukuze kwenziwe igwebu.
(2) uketshezi oluguquguqukayo njenge-butane, i-pentane, i-petroleum ether, i-difluorodichloromethane, njll., ngemva kokufudumala okuwukwanda okuguquguqukayo, bese kwenza umzimba wepulasitiki ube yi-foam, i-polystyrene foam evamile engokwalolu hlobo.
(3) ukubola kwe-agent yokuvunguza yamakhemikhali, lolu hlobo lwe-agent yokuvunguza ngokuvamile luyimpuphu eqinile, ziyashiswa ezibola ukuze zikhiphe igesi (ngokuvamile i-nitrogen noma i-carbon dioxide), futhi zenze isakhiwo esifana neseli lepulasitiki, futhi zinciphise isisindo.
Lolu hlobo lwe-ejenti yokugqwala luvame ukuba yi-organic azo compounds, njenge-azodicarbonamide, i-azobisisobutyro-nitrile (i-AIBN ngamafuphi). Amapulasitiki ayinhloko asetshenziselwa ukugqwala yilezi: i-ABS, i-PS, i-PVC, i-PU, i-EVA, i-PE, i-PP, njll.
4, i-Flameretardant
Uma amapulasitiki anezithibi zomlilo evezwa elangabini, avimbela ukusabalala kwelangabi futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwentuthu ngokwawo, futhi uma ilangabi lisusiwe ukusha kuyayeka.
Izimiso zezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisetshenziswa kumapulasitiki zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi.
(1) Izinto ezingashi ezingasebenzi zingasabela nomoya-mpilo ukuze zakhe igesi engasebenzi, embozwe ngezinto ezivuthayo, zinciphise okuqukethwe umoya-mpilo wezinto ezivuthayo ukuze kuqedwe inhloso yokusha. Lapho ukusha kungakhiqiza i-CO, i-CO2, i-NH3 kanye nama-halogen compounds, njenge-PVC, i-PU foam, i-polyester noma i-epoxy resin, njll. zikhethwa ngale ndlela.
(2) I-Non-reactive flame retardant iyinhlanganisela equkethe i-halogen, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen noma i-boron, lapho kwenzeka ukusha, ingabola into engasebenzi, embozwe ngezinto ezivuthayo zepulasitiki ebusweni, yakha ungqimba lwezivimbelo zokuhlukanisa umoya-mpilo wangaphandle, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokumelana nomlilo.
(3) equkethe ama-oxide amanzi njenge-alumina i-ejenti engashi ihlangana nokusha, ingakhipha igesi yamanzi, imunce ukushisa kwenqubo yokusha, ukuze izinga lokushisa elizungeze izinto ezishayo linciphise ukusabalala kokuvinjelwa komlilo, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwentuthu.
5. Isithambisi
Isithambisi singahlukaniswa sibe yi-lubricant yangaphakathi kanye nesithambisi sangaphandle, umsebenzi oyinhloko wesithambisi sangaphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwangaphakathi kwe-resin, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwamaketanga e-resin molecular, njenge-fatty acid lipids (i-stearic acid monoglycerides); isithambisi sangaphandle ekunciphiseni ukunamathela kwe-resin emishinini yokucubungula, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuso obubushelelezi bomkhiqizo okulula ukuwukhipha, njenge-HoechstWax.
6, Isiguquli Somthelela
Ama-impact modifier ngokuvamile ama-resin akhethekile anezelwa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushayisana kwamapulasitiki. Ama-impact modifier avame ukuthinta ukumelana nokushisa, ukugeleza noma ukucutshungulwa kwepulasitiki futhi kumele akhethwe ngokucophelela.
Okuqukethwe
Njengoba eseneminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 embonini yemishini yokukhipha izinto ezihlakaniphile, ubelokhu ephethe izindima ezibalulekile eJwell Machinery, okuhlanganisa noMphathi Jikelele kanye noSihlalo Ojikelezayo. Kusukela ngo-2024, uphathe izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwakhe, eqhuba ukwanda kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ngenkathi ehola ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekukhiqizeni izinto ezihlakaniphile kanye nokukhula komhlaba wonke.
