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Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamashidi epulasitiki futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yi-polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrene kanye i-polyester (PET)Phakathi kwazo, amashidi e-PET asebenza kahle, ahlangabezana nezidingo zenkomba yenhlanzeko kazwelonke yemikhiqizo ebunjiwe kanye nezimfuneko zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zomhlaba wonke, futhi angamashidi anobungani nemvelo.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamashidi e-PET
Njengamanye amapulasitiki, ukusebenza kwamashidi e-PET kuhlobene kakhulu nesisindo sama-molecule, futhi i-viscosity yangaphakathi inquma isisindo sama-molecule. Uma i-viscosity yangaphakathi inkulu, kulapho izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ziba ngcono khona, kodwa ukugeleza okuncane, okwenza ukubumba kube nzima. Uma i-viscosity yangaphakathi iphansi, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi kulapho amandla omthelela eba mancane khona. Ngakho-ke, i-viscosity yangaphakathi yamashidi acacile e-PET kufanele ikhethwe kusukela ku-0.8dl/g kuya ku-0.9dl/g.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-PET
Imishini eyinhloko yokukhiqiza amashidi acacile e-PET yile: umbhoshongo wokwenza ikristalu, umbhoshongo wokomisa, i-extruder, i-die head, i-calender enama-roll amathathu, kanye ne-winder.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yile: ukwakheka kwekristalu yezinto zokusetshenziswa → ukomisa → ukwenziwa kwepulasitiki yokukhipha → ukwakheka kwepulasitiki yokukhipha → ukwakheka kwekhalenda nokubumba → imikhiqizo yokugoqa.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakheka kwekristalu
Izingcezu ze-PET ziyashiswa futhi ziqiniswe embhoshongweni wokwenza amakristalu ukuze kuhambisane ama-molecule, bese izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lezingcezu liyakhushulwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunamathelana ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa kanye nokuvaleka kwe-hopper.
Ukwakheka kwekristalu ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, esithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90 kanti izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-149°C.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukomisa
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, amanzi angabangela ukuthi i-PET i-hydrolyze futhi yonakale, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukunamathela kwayo okuphawulekayo. Izakhiwo zayo zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amandla okuthinta, zizoncipha njengoba isisindo sama-molecule sincipha. Ngakho-ke, i-PET kumele yomiswe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-melted ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe komswakama, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo komswakama kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.005%.
I-dryer yokususa umswakama isetshenziselwa ukomisa. Njengoba izinto ze-PET zi-hygroscopic, amanzi azongena ebusweni besilayi ukuze akhe izibopho zama-molecule, futhi enye ingxenye yamanzi izoba khona ngaphakathi kwesilayi, okwenza ukomisa kube nzima. Ngakho-ke, umoya oshisayo ojwayelekile awukwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Iphuzu lomoya oshisayo liyadingeka libe ngaphansi kuka--40°C, bese umoya oshisayo udluliselwa e-drying hopper nge-loop evaliwe ukuze wome njalo.
Isinyathelo sesithathu ukubumba i-extrusion
Ngemva kokwakheka kwekristalu nokomisa, i-PET iguqulwa ibe yi-polymer enephuzu lokuncibilika elihlukile. Izinga lokushisa lokubumba le-polymer liphezulu futhi ububanzi bokulawula izinga lokushisa buncane.
Isikulufu sokuvimbela esinikezelwe ku-polyester sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-pellet angancibilikisiwe kanye nokuncibilika, okusiza ekugcineni inqubo yokucheba ende nokwandisa umkhiqizo we-extruder.
Kusetshenziswa ikhanda le-die lip eliguquguqukayo elinenduku yokuvimbela ukugeleza ehlelekile. Ikhanda le-die liyi-cone ecijile, futhi isiteshi sokugeleza esihlelekile kanye ne-die lip engenamiklwebhe kufanele kube nokuqedwa okuhle kobuso. I-heater yekhanda le-die inomsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi nokuhlanza. Isikhala se-die lip sekhanda le-die kufanele siqinisekise ukufana okuhle. Isikhala se-die lip esifanayo sekhanda le-die sithinta ngqo ukuphambuka kobukhulu obuphambeneyo kanye nokuba bushelelezi kweshidi.
Uma ukhipha amashidi, amazinga okushisa ahambisanayo endawo engaphambili yomzimba, indawo ephakathi yomzimba, indawo engemuva yomzimba, isishintshi sesikrini, kanye nedayizi yi-240°C-260°C, 265°C-275°C, 260°C-265°C, 260°C-265°C, kanye ne-255°C-265°C, ngokulandelana.
Isinyathelo 4: Phola bese usetha
Ngemva kokuba ukuncibilika kuphume kudayi, kungena ngqo kudayi we-three-roll ukuze kufakwe i-calendar futhi kuphole. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-three-roll calender kanye nedayi ngokuvamile ligcinwa cishe ku-8 cm. Uma ibanga likhulu kakhulu, ishidi kulula ukuligoba futhi lishwabane, okuholela ekuqedeni kabi kweshidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yebanga elikhulu, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa nokupholisa kuhamba kancane kakhulu, okuholela ekukhanyeni nasekukhanyeni, okungavumeli ukushintshwa kwe-calendar.
Ikhalenda elinemiqulu emithathu liqukethe ama-roller amathathu: aphezulu, aphakathi naphansi. I-axis ye-roller ephakathi iyaqina. Ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokulungisa i-calendar, izinga lokushisa lobuso be-roller lingu-40°C-50°C, kanti i-axis yama-roller aphezulu naphansi ingahamba phezulu naphansi. Igebe le-roller lilungiswa ngokuhambisa i-axis phezulu naphansi. Amazinga okushisa ama-roller aphezulu naphansi angu-30°C-60°C kanye no-52°C-68°C ngokulandelana. Ama-roller amathathu kufanele aqinisekise ukuvumelanisa isivinini, futhi isivinini kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwesivinini sokukhipha. Inhloso iwukunciphisa ukwanda kwezinto lapho zishiya idayisi futhi kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweshidi, ukuze imibimbi inyamalale.
I-PET izocwebezela ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-100°C-250°C, kanti izinga locwebezela elisheshayo lingu-140°C-180°C, ngakho-ke ucwebezela kungaqedwa ngemizuzwana embalwa nje. I-PET idinga ukudlula kule ndawo yokushisa yocwebezela ngokushesha futhi izinga lokushisa lama-roller amathathu kumele lilawulwe ngokuqinile.
Isinyathelo sesihlanu ukudonsa nokugoqa
Ishidi lidlula nge-calender roller bese lingena kudivayisi yokudonsa nge-guide roller. Idivayisi yokudonsa iqukethe i-roller yerabha esebenzayo kanye ne-roller yerabha engasebenzi. Umfutho womoya ucindezela ama-roller amabili ngokuqinile ukuvimbela ishidi ukuthi lingagudluzwa yi-calender roller lapho ishidi lidlula kuma-roller amabili bese lidonswa kudivayisi egoqayo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ishidi le-PET
(1) Izimo eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwamaphepha acacile e-PET isikhathi sokomisa kanye nokulawulwa kwendawo yamazolo omoya oshisayo. Umphumela wokomisa unquma ngqo izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphepha.
Ngesikhathi sokomisa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokomisa. Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokomisa akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu. Uma iphuzu lamazolo lingenakuncishiswa, isimo sesihlungi sama-molecule kufanele sihlolwe. Isihlungi sama-molecule esidala asikwazi ukumunca umswakama emoyeni, futhi injongo yokomisa nokusika ayinakufezwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, isihlungi sama-molecule kufanele sishintshwe.
(2) Uma izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika lidlula ama-280°C, Iphepha le-PET kuzoshintsha umbala noma kubole. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-280°C.
(3) Igebe eliphakathi kwe-die lip yekhanda le-die linquma ukufana kweshidi. Izinga lokushisa lama-roller amathathu lidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhanyeni nasekuqedeni kobuso beshidi. Ukuncibilika kwe-PET kudinga ukugwema ngokushesha indawo yokushisa yesilinganiso se-crystallization esheshayo futhi kwehle ngokushesha kusuka ekushiseni kokuncibilika kuye ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-crystallization. Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwekhanda le-die ne-calendar roller libaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba eseneminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 embonini yemishini yokukhipha izinto ezihlakaniphile, ubelokhu ephethe izindima ezibalulekile eJwell Machinery, okuhlanganisa noMphathi Jikelele kanye noSihlalo Ojikelezayo. Kusukela ngo-2024, uphathe izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwakhe, eqhuba ukwanda kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ngenkathi ehola ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekukhiqizeni izinto ezihlakaniphile kanye nokukhula komhlaba wonke.
