Ukwenyuka kwentengo ye-POE futhi?

Njengenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuqinisa, lokhu kuguquguquka ngokungangabazeki kubangela izinkampani zokuguqula ikhanda. Amandla nokuqina kuyizinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile zokusebenza komshini, ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kokuqinisa kwepulasitiki kube yindlela eyinhloko yokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, futhi kulezi zinsuku Amandla nokuqina kuyizinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile zokusebenza komshini, ngakho ukuguqulwa kokuqinisa kwepulasitiki kube yindlela eyinhloko yokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, futhi kulezi zinsuku ngokungeza i-ejenti yokuqinisa kuseyindlela eqondile nephumelelayo kakhulu yokuqinisa izinto.

Ngakho-ke ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-elastomer toughening, yiziphi ezinye izinketho? Namuhla ngikuyisa ekuhleleni, ekuguquleni i-toughening ukuthi yimiphi imibono engenzeka.

Ama-tougheners asetshenziswa kakhulu angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-active tougheners kanye nama-active tougheners. Yilawo anezintambo zama-molecule aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo angasabela ne-matrix resin, angakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi futhi andise ingxenye yama-Non-reactive tougheners ayisigaba sama-tougheners ahambisana kahle ne-base resin, kodwa awahlanganyeli Ama-Non-reactive tougheners ayisigaba sama-tougheners ahambisana kahle ne-base resin, kodwa awahlanganyeli ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali.

Izinto zokuqinisa ze-Elastomeric

Cishe zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa izinto ezibuthakathaka, isihluthulelo ukuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye zezigaba eziningi, uhlelo lokuqinisa oluhambisanayo oluhle kuphela ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuqinisa edingekayo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho alunamphumela. Ama-tougheners e-elastomeric asetshenziswa njalo ahlukaniswa ngokushisa kwawo okuphezulu noma okuphansi kokushintsha kwengilazi.

(1) I-resin emelana nomthelela omkhulu
Njenge-polyethylene e-chlorine (CPE), i-methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS), i-acrylate copolymer (ACR), i-styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), i-hydrogenated SBS (SEBS), i-POE, i-EVA, njll.
(2) Irabha emelana nomthelela omkhulu
Njengerabha ye-ethylene propylene (EPR), i-EPDM, i-NBR, i-NR, i-SBR, i-BR, i-CR, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-TPU isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa i-PA66, amandla okuthinta ancishisiwe e-PA66/TPU composite athuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo zokubopha ze-composite zincipha kancane. Izici zomshini zifinyelela okungcono kakhulu uma inani lokwengeza le-TPU lingu-5%. Ukuqina kwekristalu kwehle ngo-50%, okubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lunomphumela ocacile wokuqinisa ku-PA66.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-elastomer.

(1) Ikilasi le-elastomer elinqunywe kusengaphambili
Ziyi-polymers ezakhiwe ngegobolondo eliyinhloko, ezinomgogodla othambile we-elastomer kanye ne-polymer enegobolondo lokushisa eliphakeme lengilazi. Njenge-MBS, ACS, MABS, njll.
(2) Isigaba se-elastomer esinganqunywanga kusengaphambili
Iyi-polymer ehlanzekile, futhi ukuguqulwa komthelela wayo kuguqulwa yindlela yokusebenza kwe-solvent, njenge-CPE, i-EVA, njll.
(3) Isigaba se-elastomer yesikhashana

Isakhiwo siphakathi kwe-elastomer enqunyiwe kusengaphambili nenganqunyiwe kusengaphambili, njenge-ABS, njll.

Izinto eziqinile eziqinile

Izinto zokubopha eziqinile ezingaphili (i-RIF), ikakhulukazi izigcwalisi ezingaphili ezicolekile kakhulu kanye nezigcwalisi ezikhethekile.

I-Ultra-fine inorganic filler ibhekisela kusayizi wezinhlayiya eziphakathi kuka-0.1-5μm, umphumela wokuguqulwa kwe-filler enjalo ngokwanda kokungezwa kwe-filler, uhlelo lokuxuba lwamandla okudonswa kanye namandla omthelela luyancipha kahle, lungashintshi noma lukhuphuke kancane, kuyilapho ezinye izakhiwo ziqhubeka nokukhula.

Izithako ezikhethekile zifaka phakathi ama-super fibers (CF), izithako zenaliti/sphere, usawoti wensimbi yomhlaba we-alkaline kanye namaminerali omhlaba angavamile, njll.

Ama-Superfiber afana nama-carbon fiber, ama-boron fiber, ama-quartz fiber, ama-organic fiber, ama-carbon nanotubes kanye nama-whiskers ahlukahlukene. Ukusabalala kwama-superfiber kuma-polymers kumele kwenziwe ngezindlela ezithile neziqondiwe.

Isithako esifana nenaliti njenge-wollastonite efana nenaliti, esinomphumela othile wokuqinisa.

Ngokuvamile, iphathwa nge-silane coupling agent noma i-compound coupling agent imizuzu eyi-10-15 ku-50-80℃, futhi inani lokwengeza linconywa u-10-15%. I-wollastonite ngaphandle kokwelashwa ayinawo umphumela wokuqina.
Ama-filler ayindilinga afaka phakathi ama-microspheres engilazi, ama-microspheres engilazi angenalutho, ama-wollastonite beads, ama-plastic beads, ama-ceramic beads, njll.

Usawoti wensimbi yomhlaba we-alkaline uqukethe kakhulu i-barium sulfate, inani lokugcwalisa elibanzi, amandla omthelela wezinto zokugcwalisa anamazinga ahlukene okuthuthuka, lapho kungezwa cishe ama-60%, amandla omthelela afinyelela esicongweni.
Amaminerali e-Rare-earth ikakhulukazi ama-oxide e-rare-earth, ama-alkyl rare-earth compounds kanye nosawoti we-rare-earth, njenge-rubidium oxide kanye ne-cerium fluoride. Indlela yokuqinisa amaminerali e-rare earth ngokuvamile ihlobene ne-nucleation yawo, okungukuthi ama-rare earth asetshenziswa njengezinto ezibangela i-nucleating ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-crystalline sohlelo lokuqinisa nokufeza injongo yokuqinisa. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqiniseni ama-polymer e-crystalline, njenge-PP, PA, POM, njll.

(2) Izinto eziqinile ze-organic (ROF)
NjengePMMA, PP, PS, MMA/S kanye ne-SAN, njll. Ngomsebenzi okabili wokuqinisa nokuqinisa, umphumela wokuqinisa nokuqinisa ufana nomfanekiso.

Isimiso sokuqinisa
Uma izinto ze-polymer zifakwa ekushayweni komthelela lapho izinto zonakele (ukuphuka), ubukhulu bokuqina kwazo buxhomeke kubukhulu bamandla omthelela amuncwa yile nto kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nokwanda kwemifantu. Ngakho-ke izinto zokuqinisa kanye ne-matrix zidlala kanjani indima ekuqiniseni kuma-polymer?

1. Indlela yokuqinisa i-Elastomer

I-Elastomer imunca amandla ngqo, lapho isampula ithintwa izokhiqiza imifantu emincane, lapho izinhlayiya zerabha kuwo womabili amabhange omfantu, umfantu ozokhula kumele welule inqubo yokuguqulwa kwerabha, ukuze umunce amandla amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe amandla omthelela wepulasitiki.

2. Ithiyori yokukhiqiza

Ipulasitiki eqinile yerabha enamandla aphezulu avela kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwe-resin matrix okwenzeka kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kwe-resin matrix yield yesizathu ukuthi i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kanye nesilinganiso sikaPoisson serabha kukhulu kunesepulasitiki, isigaba sokupholisa enqubweni yokubumba yokuguquguquka kokushisa kanye nenqubo yokuguqulwa kokuguquguquka kwe-conduction transverse ye-matrix ezungezile yokucindezeleka kwe-hydrostatic, ukuze ivolumu yamahhala ye-resin matrix ikhuphuke, kunciphisa izinga lokushisa layo lokuguquka kwengilazi, kube lula ukukhiqiza ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina. Kulula ukukhiqiza ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangelwa umphumela wokuhlushwa kokucindezeleka kwezinhlayiya zerabha.

3. Ithiyori eyinhloko yokuqhekeka

Ama-granule enjoloba asebenza njengezindawo zokugxila ekucindezelekeni, edala inani elikhulu lemifantu emincane esikhundleni semifantu embalwa emikhulu, futhi kudinga amandla amaningi ukwandisa imifantu eminingi emincane kunokwandisa embalwa emikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkambu zokucindezeleka zenani elikhulu lemifantu emincane ziyaphazamisana, zenze buthaka ukucindezeleka okuphambili kokukhula kwemifantu, okubuye kubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwemifantu futhi kuholele ekuphelisweni kwemifantu.

4. Ithiyori yephethini yesiliva eminingi

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlayiya zerabha kupulasitiki eqinile, inani elikhulu lokugxila kokucindezeleka libangela inani elikhulu lamaphethini esiliva, angachitha amandla amaningi. Izinhlayiya zerabha nazo ziyiziqedi zemigqa yesiliva, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane azikwazi ukuqeda umugqa wesiliva.

5. Ithiyori yebhendi yokusika imivimbo yesiliva

Lona umbono obalulekile owamukelwa kabanzi embonini. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kubonise ukuthi indlela yokuguqulwa kwe-polymer inezinqubo ezimbili: enye inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-shear kanti enye inqubo ye-silver rippling. Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-shear ihlanganisa kokubili ukuguqulwa kwe-diffuse shear yield kanye nokwakheka kwama-shear band endawo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-shear kuwukushintsha nje isimo sento, amandla okuhlangana phakathi kwama-molecule kanye nobuningi bento empeleni awashintshi. Inqubo ye-silver striation, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibangela ukuthi ubuningi bento bunciphe kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimbobo emzimbeni wezinhlamvu zesiliva, okubonisa ukuthi i-silver grainization ibangele umonakalo othile ezintweni, okuyisandulela somonakalo wokuqhekeka kwe-sub-microscopic; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlamvu zesiliva zisebenzisa amandla amaningi enkambisweni yokwakheka nokukhula, okuvimbela ukwanda kwemifantu futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwezinto, okungenye yezindlela zokwenza izinto ze-polymer. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda okulungile kwe-silver striation phenomenon kuyisisekelo sokuqonda inqubo yokuguqulwa nokuqhekeka kwezinto ze-polymer, futhi kungenye yezihluthulelo zokwenza umklamo wamapulasitiki aguquliwe ahlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi amapulasitiki aqinile.

6. Ithiyori yokuvula iminyango

Ithiyori ye-cavitation ibhekisela esimweni se-cavitation ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya zerabha noma ungqimba lwesixhumi phakathi kwezinhlayiya zerabha kanye ne-substrate ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka okunezinhlangothi ezintathu enkambisweni yokushisa okuphansi noma ukuguqulwa kwesivinini esikhulu. Ithiyori yokuthi: ipulasitiki eguquliwe ngerabha ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, izinhlayiya zerabha zesigaba sokuhlakazeka ngenxa yokuhlushwa kokucindezeleka, okuholela ekuhlanganeni phakathi kwerabha kanye ne-matrix kanye nayo ngokwayo ukukhiqiza i-cavitation, uma izinhlayiya zerabha sezicashile, ukucindezeleka kokucindezeleka kwe-hydrostatic okuzungeze irabha kuyakhishwa, isimo sokucindezeleka se-ligament encane ye-matrix phakathi kwezimbobo, kusukela ku-three-dimensional kuya ku-one-dimensional, kanye nokucindezeleka kwendiza kube ukucindezeleka kwendiza, futhi lesi simo esisha sokucindezeleka sivumela ukwakheka kwebhendi ye-shear. Ngakho-ke, i-cavitation ngokwayo ayikwazi ukwakha ukuguquka okunzima kwezinto; kuholela kuphela ekushintsheni esimweni sokucindezeleka kwezinto, okubangela ukugoba, kuvimbele ukwanda okwengeziwe kokuqhekeka, futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwezinto.