Ukwenziwa, ukucubungula, ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-TPU

I-TPU (i-thermoplastic polyurethane)uhlobo lwe-polyurethane olungafakwa ipulasitiki ngokushisa futhi lungancibilikiswa yizinyibilikisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyurethane yohlobo lokuxuba kanye nohlobo lokubumba, i-polyurethane ye-thermoplastic ayinawo noma ayinawo amakhemikhali amaningi axhumanisayo esakhiweni samakhemikhali, futhi ama-molecule ayo aqondile, kodwa kukhona inani elithile lokushintshana ngokomzimba.
Umqondo walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushintshana ngokomzimba, owaphakanyiswa okokuqala yiSchollenberger CS ngo-1958, ubhekisela ekubeni khona “kwamaphuzu okuxhumana” aguqukayo phakathi kwamaketanga e-polyurethane aqondile lapho evezwa ekushiseni noma ezinyibilikisini. Empeleni akuyona i-chemical crosslink. Kodwa isebenza njenge-chemical crosslink. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlangana ngokomzimba, i-polyurethane yakha inkolelo-mbono yesakhiwo se-morphological esingafani, kanti ukubopha kwe-hydrogen kwe-polyurethane kuqinisa i-morphology yayo futhi kuyenze imelane nomswakama ophezulu.

Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-TPU

Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iyini i-TPU, yiziphi izinhlobo zayo? Ngokwezindinganiso ezahlukene zokuhlukanisa, i-TPU ingaba nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuhlukanisa.

Isibonelo, ngokwesakhiwo sengxenye ethambile, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether kanye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, oluqukethe iqembu le-ester, iqembu le-ether noma iqembu le-butene ngokulandelana. Ngokwesakhiwo sengxenye eqinile, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-urethane kanye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, olutholakala ngokulandelana kusuka ku-diol chain extenders noma ku-diamine chain extenders. Ukwahlukaniswa okuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester kanye nohlobo lwe-polyether.
Ngokuya ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kokuxhumanisa, kungahlukaniswa kube yi-thermoplastic emsulwa kanye ne-semi-thermoplastic. Eyokuqala iyisakhiwo esiqondile esimsulwa esingenazibopho zokuxhumanisa; eyesibili iqukethe inani elincane le-allophanate kanye nezinye izibopho zokuxhumanisa. Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe, ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezimise okwehlukile (izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemishini), amapayipi (izingcezu, amaphrofayili enduku), amafilimu (amashidi, amashidi), izinamathiseli, ukumboza, kanye nemicu.

I-TPU yenziwa kanjani

Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-TPU, zonke ziyingxenye ye-polyurethane ngokwesakhiwo sama-molecule. Ngakho-ke yahlangana kanjani? Ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene zokwenziwa, ihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-bulk polymerization kanye ne-solution polymerization.

Ku-polymerization ngobuningi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yindlela yangaphambi kokwenziwa kwe-polymerization kanye nendlela yesinyathelo esisodwa ngokuya ngokuthi kukhona yini ukusabela kwangaphambi kokwenziwa: indlela yangaphambi kokwenziwa kwe-polymerization iwukusabela nge-diisocyanate nge-macromolecular diol isikhathi esithile, bese ufaka isandiso seketanga ukuze ukhiqize i-TPU; Ama-molecular diol, ama-diisoester kanye ne-chain extenders zixutshwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi zisabela ekwakheni i-TPU.
I-polymerization yesixazululo iwukuncibilikisa i-diisocyanate ku-solvent kuqala, bese ufaka i-macromolecular diol ukuze iphendule isikhathi esithile, bese ekugcineni ufaka i-chain extender ukuze ukhiqize i-TPU.
Uhlobo lwengxenye ethambile, isisindo sama-molecule, okuqukethwe kwengxenye eqinile noma ingxenye ethambile kanye nesimo sokuhlanganiswa kwe-TPU se-TPU kuzothinta ubuningi be-TPU. Ubuningi buphakathi kuka-1.10 no-1.25, okungahlukile kakhulu kwezinye irabha namapulasitiki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sobunzima, ubuningi be-TPU ye-polyether buphansi kunobe-polyester TPU.

Icutshungulwa kanjani i-TPU

I-TPU resin idinga ukucutshungulwa ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo eqediwe, kanti i-TPU icutshungulwa kakhulu ngendlela yokuncibilikisa kanye nendlela yesisombululo. Isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule siyibhulokhi eqinile etholakala ngokusabela i-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) noma i-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ene-chain extender kanye ne-diisocyanate njenge-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) noma i-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Ama-molecule nama-polyol e-macromolecule asabela ukuze akhe izingxenye eziguquguqukayo ngokushintshana.

Ukucubungula ukuncibilika kuyinqubo evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yepulasitiki: njengokuxuba, ukuhlanganisa i-calendar, ukukhipha, ukubumba nge-blow kanye nokubumba (kufaka phakathi umjovo, ukucindezela, ukudlulisa kanye ne-centrifugation njll. Ukucubungula isixazululo kuwukuncibilika kwama-pellets kuma-solvent noma i-polymerization eqondile kuma-solvent Ngemva kokwenza isixazululo, ukumboza, ukuphotha, njll. kuyenziwa.
I-TPU yenziwa umkhiqizo wokugcina, ngokuvamile ongadingi i-vulcanization kanye ne-cross-linking reaction, okungafinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi izinto ezilahliwe zingaphinde zisetshenziswe futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha.

Ukusebenza kwe-TPU

Njenge-polyurethane ehlanganisiwe (uketshezi) kanye ne-polyurethane exuba (eqinile), i-TPU ine-modulus ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana namafutha, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kanye nokumelana nokuguga. Phakathi kwazo, amandla aphezulu okudonseka, ukunwebeka okuphezulu, kanye nesethi yokucindezela ephansi yesikhathi eside konke kuyinzuzo ebalulekile ye-TPU.

1. Amandla aphezulu okuxinana kanye nobude obuphezulu
I-TPU inamandla okudonsa nokunwebeka okuhle kakhulu. Kusukela kudatha esesithombeni esingezansi, singabona ukuthi amandla okudonsa nokunwebeka kwe-TPU ye-polyether kungcono kakhulu kunokwepulasitiki nerabha ye-polyvinyl chloride.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TPU ingahlangabezana nezidingo zemboni yokudla ngaphandle kokwengeza noma ukwengeza izithasiselo ezimbalwa enkambisweni yokucubungula, okuyinto enzima kwezinye izinto ezifana ne-PVC nerabha.

2. Ukuqina komzimba kuzwela kakhulu ekushiseni
Ukuqina kwe-TPU kubhekisela ezingeni lokululama okusheshayo esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokukhululwa kokucindezeleka kokuguquguquka, okuvezwa amandla okubuyisa, okungukuthi, isilinganiso somsebenzi wokubuyisa ukuguquguquka nomsebenzi odingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe. Kungumsebenzi we-dynamic modulus kanye nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kwe-elastomer futhi kuzwela kakhulu ekushiseni.

I-springback iyancipha ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa elithile, ukuqina kuyanda ngokushesha futhi. Leli zinga lokushisa liyizinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu lesigaba esithambile, okuncike esakhiweni se-macromolecular diol, kanti i-polyether TPU iphansi kune-polyester TPU. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu, i-elastomer iba nzima kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo, ngakho-ke, ukuguquka kufana nokubuyela emuva ebusweni bensimbi eqinile.

3. Ububanzi bobulukhuni yiShore A60 ~ D80
Ukuqina kuyinkomba yekhono lento yokumelana nokuguquguquka, ukuklwebheka kanye nokuklwebheka.
Ubulukhuni be-TPU bungalungiswa ngokulungisa isilinganiso sezingxenye zeketanga elithambile neliqinile. Ngakho-ke, i-TPU inobubanzi obubanzi bobulukhuni. Ubulukhuni bayo busukela ku-Shore A60 kuya ku-D80, buhlanganisa ubulukhuni berabha nepulasitiki, futhi bunobubanzi obubanzi bobulukhuni kulo lonke ububanzi bobulukhuni. Ukuqina okuphezulu.
Ngokushintsha kobulukhuni, ezinye izakhiwo ze-TPU zizoshintsha. Isibonelo, uma ubulukhuni be-TPU bukhuphuka, kuzoba nezinguquko zokusebenza njengokwanda kwe-tensile modulus kanye namandla okudabuka, ukwanda kokuqina kanye nokucindezeleka kokucindezela (umthamo womthwalo), ukwehla kobude, ukwanda kobuningi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokwanda kokumelana kwemvelo.

Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-TPU

I-TPU yaqala ukuthengiswa ngempumelelo yi-American Goodrich Chemical Company (manje eyiLubrizol) ngo-1958, futhi kusukela lapho iye yacwaningwa futhi yandiswa emhlabeni jikelele. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-TPU bahlanganisa kakhulu i-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Huntsman, i-Wanhua Chemical, i-Shanghai Hengan, i-Ruihua, i-Asahikawa Chemical njalo njalo.
Njenge-elastomer esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-TPU inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo engezansi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, izimpahla zemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa kanye neminye imikhakha. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa.
1. Impahla yezicathulo
I-TPU isetshenziswa ezintweni zezicathulo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Imikhiqizo yezicathulo equkethe i-TPU ingcono kakhulu ekugqokeni induduzo kunemikhiqizo yezicathulo ezivamile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yezicathulo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinye izicathulo zezemidlalo nezicathulo ezivamile.


2. Umsipha
Ngenxa yokuthi ipayipi le-TPU lithambile, linamandla amahle okubamba, linamandla okushayisana kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, ipayipi le-TPU lisetshenziswa kabanzi eShayina ekuthuthweni kwezindiza ngegesi namafutha, amathangi, izimoto, izithuthuthu, amathuluzi omshini kanye neminye imishini yemishini.



3. Ikhebula
I-TPU inikeza ukumelana nokudabuka, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nezici zokugoba, kanti ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kahle kwekhebula. Ngakho-ke, emakethe yaseShayina, i-TPU yezintambo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengezintambo zokulawula kanye nezintambo zikagesi, isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinto zokumboza zezintambo ezinemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuya ngokuya kuba kukhulu.



I-4. Imishini yokwelapha
I-TPU iyindlela ephephile, eqinile, futhi esezingeni eliphezulu esikhundleni se-PVC. Ngeke iqukathe izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali njenge-phthalate, futhi izothuthela egazini noma kwezinye izinto eziwuketshezi kuma-catheter ezokwelapha noma ezikhwameni zezokwelapha ukuze ibangele imiphumela emibi. I-TPU yezinga lokukhipha kanye nezinga lomjovo ingasetshenziswa kalula ngokulungiswa okuncane emishinini ye-PVC ekhona.